![]() Punctuation, capitalization, and spaces are usually ignored. Owl ate my metal worm", "Do geese see God?", or "Was it a car or a cat I saw?". Palindromes often consist of a sentence or phrase, e.g., "Mr. Sentences and phrases Īmbigram of the palindrome "Dogma I am God" These possess an initial set of lines which, precisely halfway through, is repeated in reverse order, without alteration to word order within each line, and in a way that the second half continues the "story" related in the first half in a way that makes sense, this last being key. There are also line-unit palindromes, most often poems. Several in French and Latin date to the Middle Ages. Occasional examples in English were created in the 19th century. ![]() Word-unit palindromes were made popular in the recreational linguistics community by J. There are also word-unit palindromes in which the unit of reversal is the word ("Is it crazy how saying sentences backwards creates backwards sentences saying how crazy it is?"). Some examples of palindromic words are redivider, deified, civic, radar, level, rotor, kayak, reviver, racecar, madam, and refer. The characters read the same backward as forward. The most familiar palindromes in English are character-unit palindromes. Eliot, top bard, notes putrid tang emanating, is sad I'd assign it a name: gnat dirt upset on drab pot toilet." Types Characters, words, or lines I diet on cod" and Scottish poet Alastair Reid's "T. Įnglish palindromes of notable length include mathematician Peter Hilton's "Doc, note: I dissent. ![]() In recent history, there have been competitions related to palindromes, such as the 2012 World Palindrome Championship, set in Brooklyn, USA. Other well-known English palindromes are: "A man, a plan, a canal – Panama" (1948), "Madam, I'm Adam" (1861), and "Never odd or even". ) Then in 1848, a certain "J.T.R." coined "Able was I ere I saw Elba", which became famous after it was (implausibly) attributed to Napoleon (alluding to his exile on Elba). (Taylor had also composed two other, "rather indifferent", palindromic lines of poetry: "Deer Madam, Reed", "Deem if I meed". This is generally considered to be the first English-language palindrome sentence, and was long reputed (notably by the grammarian James "Hermes" Harris) to be the only one, despite many efforts to find others. In English, there are dozens of palindrome words, such as eye, madam, and deified, but English writers generally only cited Latin and Greek palindromic sentences in the early 19th century, even though John Taylor had coined one in 1614: "Lewd did I live, & evil I did dwel" (with the ampersand being something of a "fudge" ). Mary's) Worlingworth Harlow Knapton London ( St Martin, Ludgate) and Hadleigh (Suffolk).Ī Greek poet in 1802 Vienna even composed a poem, Ποίημα Καρκινικόν ( Carcinic Poem), in Ancient Greek, where every one of the 455 lines was a palindrome. Menin's Abbey) Dulwich College Nottingham ( St. The inscription is found on fonts in many churches in Western Europe: Orléans (St. A variant, also a palindrome, replaces the plural ΑΝΟΜΗΜΑΤΑ ("sins") by the singular ΑΝΟΜΗΜΑ ("sin"). The second word, borrowed from Greek, should properly be spelled gyrum.īyzantine baptismal fonts were often inscribed with the palindrome, ΝΙΨΟΝ ΑΝΟΜΗΜΑΤΑ ΜΗ ΜΟΝΑΝ ΟΨΙΝ (" Nipson anomēmata mē monan opsin") 'Wash sins, not only face', attributed to Gregory of Nazianzus most notably in the basilica of Hagia Sophia in Constantinople. It is likely that this palindrome is from medieval rather than ancient times. The palindromic Latin riddle " In girum imus nocte et consumimur igni" ("we go in a circle at night and are consumed by fire") describes the behavior of moths. Palindrome on the font at St Martin, Ludgate Ī palindrome with the same square property is the Hebrew palindrome, "We explained the glutton who is in the honey was burned and incinerated", ( פרשנו רעבתן שבדבש נתבער ונשרף perashnu: ra`avtan shebad'vash nitba`er venisraf), credited to Abraham ibn Ezra in 1924, and referring to the halachic question as to whether a fly landing in honey makes the honey treif (non-kosher). As such, they can be referred to as palindromatic. Hence, it can be arranged into a word square that reads in four different ways: horizontally or vertically from either top left to bottom right or bottom right to top left. It is remarkable for the fact that the first letters of each word form the first word, the second letters form the second word, and so forth. This palindrome, called the Sator Square, consists of a sentence written in Latin: " Sator Arepo Tenet Opera Rotas" ("The sower Arepo holds with effort the wheels"). A palindrome was found as a graffito at Herculaneum, a city buried by ash in 79 CE.
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